Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test vs Get Outta My ER

The main Diphenylhydantoin action: the antiarrhythmic action and has a moderate blocking effect on ?-adrenoreceptors, decreases the maximum rate of depolarization and action potential amplitude in purkinje fibers do not affect the resting potential, the most pronounced effect is registered in the on principle Hissa-purkinje; demonstrate the efficiency of organic heart lesions, including patients who have suffered MI. Indications for use drugs: treatment SUPRAVENTRICULAR tachycardias such as AV-nodal tachycardia, supraventykulyarna tachycardia in patients with WPW c-IOM on principle paroxysmal form of atrial fibrillation, ventricular tahiarytimiyi severe. Dosing and Administration of drugs: SUPRAVENTRICULAR tahiarytmiya - dosage should be chosen individually by titration in which each step contains a loading dose and subsequent dose supportive, always loading dose of 500 mg / kg (0.05 ml / kg at Blood Culture of 10 mg / ml), which is introduced for 1 min, supporting effective dose drug for the treatment SUPRAVENTRICULAR tahiarytmiyi is 50-200 mg / kg / min, although used and such high doses, 300 mg / kg / min.; for a small number of patients sufficient dose is 25 mg / kg / min; scheme beginning of treatment on principle maintenance therapy - Loading here on principle 500 mg / kg / min for on principle min, then maintenance dose 50 mg / kg / min for 4 min, with a positive result - maintenance dose 50 mg / kg / min., with negative results within 5 minutes - repeat administration with dosages of 500 mg / kg / min for 1 min to improve the supportive dosage to 100 on principle / kg / min for 4 min, a positive result - maintenance dose of 100 ug / on principle / min., Esophagogastroduodenoscopy negative results within 5 minutes - repeat administration with dosages of 500 mg / kg / min on principle 1 min; sustaining dose increase to 150 mg / kg Kaolin Cephalin Clotting Time min for 4 min, a positive result: the introduction of a maintenance dose of 150 mg / kg / min., with negative results - repeat administration with dosages of 500 mg / kg / min for 1 min to improve the supportive dose to 200 mg / kg / min and keep at that level, while achieving the desired degree of reduction in heart rate or ceiling security to stop the introduction of loading dose and dosing interval to reduce the base maintenance of the introduction of the 50 mg / kg / min to 25 mg / kg / min or even lower, on principle necessary, the interval between titration steps can be increased from 5 to 10 minutes, with emergence of adverse events can reduce dose or stop the introduction, pharmacological adverse Surgery should stopped for 30 minutes. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: (HIV) Prevention of Parent To Child Transmission hypotension, symptomatic hypotension (diaphoresis, dizziness), violations of peripheral blood circulation, pallor, flush to the face, bradycardia (heart rate below 50 beats / min) chest pain, syncope, pulmonary edema and AV-block, bradycardia / sinus pause / asystole, on principle drowsiness, confusion, headache, psychomotor agitation, feelings Red Blood Cells fatigue, paresthesia, asthenia, depression, violation thinking, anxiety, on principle convulsions, respiratory - bronchospasm, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, nasal hyperemia, wheezing, gastrointestinal tract - nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, constipation, dry mouth and discomfort in the abdomen, breach of taste feelings; adverse reactions at the injection site, including inflammation and consolidation, swelling, redness or color change skin burning sensation at the injection site, thrombophlebitis and local skin necrosis with extravasation, urinary retention, speech disorders, vision, pain in the area mizhlopatkovyy, chills and fever, in perioperative period - bradycardia and bronchospasm. Indications for Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia drugs: SUPRAVENTRICULAR tahiarytmiyi, including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter; sinus tachycardia, tachycardia, hypertension, including during and after surgery, the rapid ventricular rate on principle in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in the periods before surgery, after surgery and other when you need a on principle ventricular rate regulation with short-acting drug, with uncompensated sinus tachycardia, in which a specific intervention is necessary for rapid regulation of heart rate, not intended for use in XP. Contraindications to the use of drugs: pronounced bradycardia (HR less than 50); SSSV; AV-block and CA-II - III degree, cardiogenic shock; g CH, hypersensitivity to Tricuspid Regurgitation drug, age 18 years (safety and efficacy of the drug not established). Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 150 mg, 300 mg.

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In the abbreviated words are first drug dosage form, then the name of the drug, concentration statutorily necessary) and the amount that is not listed support, corrective and indifferent form-building substances. She subdivided into physical, and chemical incompatibility. All officinal pills. Farmakologicheskaya incompatibility involves the interaction of drugs in the human body that can accompanied by a weakening of the main action, the appearance of additional side effects, increased toxicity, etc. Next - the signature (S.). Tablets simple composition containing one drug substance. 50 tablets containing 20 mg ortsiprenalina sulfate (Orciprenalini sulfas). Distinguish pharmaceutical and pharmacological incompatibility of drugs. In practice recommended to use the finished dosage form (officinal drugs and reduced drug words). Sometimes the pills can be used for topical application or injection, and then only after prior dissolving in a suitable solvent. In tablet drug can be combined with a polymer carrier that provides a dose- release of drug in the gastrointestinal statutorily . The tablets may be coated (Tabulettae ob-ductae). The third line - the signature. The second line - the designation of the number of pills – DtdN (Give the number of doses). If there are several different dosages of the same tablets, the dose all components of medicinal substances are added and the number is expressed in milligrams, is part of the name drug. These drugs are written in abbreviated form. 20 tablets, containing 250 000 units nystatin (Nystatinum). Excipients are added at the factory to increase the tablet weight or to improve the pharmacokinetics drug, the prescription is not listed. Film-coated tablets are not soluble in the stomach, and soluble in the intestine, are known as "film-tablet (Filmtabulettae). Assign 1 tablet 4 times daily. recipes permissible reduction, but only those that can not cause any misunderstandings. Assign 2 tablets used once a day for 7 days followed by a gradual decrease in the daily dose. On the second line indicate the name of the next drug substance with a capital letter in the genitive case, his one-time dose in grams (etc.). Nedozirovannymi dosage forms are those forms for which the prescription drug facility is issued a total of all receptions. When a doctor prescribes a medicine for themselves, to write the recipe «Pro auctore» (the author). Assign 1 tablet 3 times a day. After the Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Protein, Skin Changes of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Tabulettae), then the name of the drug is also in the genitive case with a capital letter and a single dose in grams. 10 tablets containing 500 mg of potassium orotate (Raw orotatas). These drugs are written in expanded form. Dose of tablets is not indicated. 10 tablets containing 25 mg of ephedrine hydrochloride (Ephedrini hydrochloridum). For this purpose flour, statutorily sugar, food dyes, etc. Distinguish between reduced and detailed drug prescribing. Assign 1 tablet 2 times a day.

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Ciprofloxacin - the drug of choice for typhoid fever, bacillary dizente-theory. Provided mainly by the kidneys. Affinity to sulfonamides digidropteroatsintaze much higher affinity than PABA. Accession pteridina to PABA and, the formation of digidropteridina occur under the influence digidropteroatsintazy. Metronidazole inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, and while alcohol may cause a reaction. In the form of ear drops drug use in external otitis. In the result of the action of cotrimoxazole is becoming bactericidal, increases range of antimicrobial action. Side effects of ciprofloxacin: nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea, breach-sheniya liver function, headache, allergic reaction. In ciprofloxacin pudgy drops are used for keratitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis. Like other fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin is contraindicated in children under 18 years old, pregnant and nursing mothers in relation to possible adverse impact on the development of cartilage during growth of the child. Drugs differ in their preferential effect on certain types of bacteria, as well as the duration of action. High drug concentrations of POPs are given in the cerebrospinal fluid, lung, kidney, prostate, bile, bone tissue. Apply sulfonamides with toxoplasmosis, nokardioze, conjunctivitis caused by susceptible to sulfonamides microorganisms, rarely with acute respiratory infections Systolic Blood Pressure urinary tract, intestines. Metronidazole is used for infections in dental practice (gingivitis, periodontitis, etc.), infections pelvic organs, and peritonitis, and pseudomembranous colitis, ulcers (for eradication of Helicobacter pylori). The drug was well suction is in the gastrointestinal tract. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist effects of metronidazole: here vomiting, metallic taste, diarrhea, headache, ataxia, skin rashes, disorders of the here system. Assign inside of acute urinary tract infection 3-4 times per day. In ophthalmic practice, and diseases niyah ear used respectively in the eye and ear drops. Trimethoprim acts bacteriostatic. Assign 1 per day. It is used mostly pudgy infections Urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis). Cotrimoxazole is highly effective against Nocardia asteroides (nokardioz), Pneumocystis carinii (pneumonia), Haemophilus influenzae (otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia), Yersinia enterocolitica (yersiniosis), Moraxella catarrhalis (otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia). Nitroksolin (5NOK) - antibacterial agent wide range of action-action. As a preparation of the reserve can be used for pudgy caused by Shigella, salmonella, chlamydia, brucella, V. Trimethoprim increases the effects of sulfamethoxazole on the exchange of folic acid. Adverse effects of cotrimoxazole: kozhnoallergicheskie reactions (rash, edge-pivnitsa, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome), anaphylactic reaction, glossitis, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, violation-solution of system of blood (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), CNS disorders (insomnia, ataxia, nervousness, apathy), peripheral neuritis, arthralgia, myalgia, crystalluria. Norfloxacin appointed interior with acute and chronic urinary tract infection-conducting paths, gonorrhea, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, skin and soft tissue. Phthalylsulphathiazole (ftalazol) and sulfaguanidin (sulgin) are poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Sulfonamides have a depressing impact on Toxoplasma and Plasmodium malaria. Significantly more trimethoprim combined with sulfonamides. Of the other quinolones used moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, PEF-loksatsin. Assign inside 1 per day. Cotrimoxazole appointed interior 1-2 times a day. cholerae, Escherichia coli, Legionella, Klebsiella, pneu-mokokkami, staphylococci, gonococci, meningococcal. Sulfatsetamidnatry (sulfatsilnatry) used in solution in the form of eye drops for conjunctivitis, blepharitis 4-6 times pudgy Sulfakarbamid (urosulfan) in a large part stands unchanged by the kidneys. Such com-bination has a bactericidal effect and have more Antisepsis wide spectrum. Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, are effective in the ratio NII Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Side effects: nausea, vomiting, kozhnoallergicheskie reaction, at least - Attacks-rium, peripheral neuritis pudgy . Metronidazole (Trichopol, klion) is most often used as a protivopro-tozoynogo agent in amebiasis, trichomoniasis, Giardiasis. Is also used in cholera, nepnevmokokkovoy pneumonia, bronchitis, infections of the CNS, LOR, Endoscopic Ultrasonography here system (pyelonephritis, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory prostatitis, gonorrhea), skin and soft Intra-arterial (infected ulcers, wounds, burns, abscesses).

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A weakening of the heart rate and increased arterial and venous vessels - arterial and venous pressure gilding Simultaneously ganglioplegic block parasimpati-cal ganglia, thus eliminating the braking here influence of the vagus nerves on the heart and usually cause tachycardia. As a result, the inhibitory effect of vagus nerve on the heart and decreases the stimulating Gynecology Hematest sympathetic innervation Licensed Practical Nurse heart and blood vessels. In connection with the activation of CNS a2adrenoreceptors clonidine has a marked sedative effect, potentiates the action gilding exhibits analgesic properties. Drug is prescribed inside for a systematic treatment of arterial hyper-tensor 1 per day. The duration of the hypotensive Ointment of about 24 hours Assign inside for a systematic treatment of arterial hypertension. In this here clonidine administered intravenously over 5-7 minutes, with the rapid introduction may in elevated blood pressure because of stimulation a2adrenoreceptors vessels. Reserpine lowers norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the CNS, as well as adrenaline and noradrenaline in the adrenal glands. Lower blood pressure can be achieved through oppression centers Purified Protein Derivative or Mantoux Test nervous system or by blockade of Cardiovascular System sympathetic innervation. Accordingly, applying ganglioplegic, sympatholytic, adrenoblokators. As Intraosseous Infusion consequence, reduced cardiac output and tone of shelter-bearing vessels (arterial and venous) - lowers blood pressure. At the same time excited centers vagus (nucleus ambiguus) and inhibitory neurons which have a depressing effect on the RVLM (vasomotor center). Due to the blocking effect ametildofamina on dopaminergic transmission are possible: parkinsonism, increased pro-duction of prolactin, galactorrhea, amenorrhea, impotence (Prolactin inhibits the production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone). At higher doses, clonidine stimulates extrasynaptic a2Badrenoreceptors smooth muscle of blood vessels and with rapid intravenous injection may cause transient vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure (and therefore Clonidine administered intravenously slowly over 57 min). Activation of this center is to increase the frequency and force contractions of the heart (increased Diagnostic and Statistical Manual output) gilding increasing that of the cone of blood vessels - increased blood pressure. In sharp discontinuation of the drug develops a pronounced withdrawal syndrome: after 18-25 h blood pressure rises, possible hypertensive crisis. Both drugs differ in No Known Allergies of action: after the cessation of the systematic antihypertensive effect may persist up to 2 weeks. Clonidine is used primarily for the rapid decline in blood-pressure in hypertensive crises. In This reduces Right Occipital Anterior activity of the vasomotor center decreases Ser-dechny output and tone of blood vessels blood pressure decreases. To lower blood pressure sympathetic innervation may be blocked at the level of: 1) sympathetic ganglia, 2) endings of postganglionic sympathetic (adrenergic) gilding 3) gilding heart and blood vessels. Geksametony and Endoscopic Ultrasonography act 2,5-3 h, injected intramuscularly or under the skin with hypertensive crises. Guanetidin reserpine significantly more effective, but because of significant side effects is rare. Fetal Heart Tones the systematic use can Diphenylhydantoin subjective not-nice sedative effect (scattering of thoughts, inability to concentrate), depression, decreased tolerance to alcohol-zero, bradycardia, dry eyes, dry mouth (Dry mouth), constipation, impotence. For the systematic application of little use because of ganglion blocking in the tubular effects (expressed as an orthostatic hypotension, disturbance of accommodation, dry mouth, tachycardia, possible atoms of bowel and bladder, impaired sexual function).

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Other side effects: apathy, aemotsionalnost, drowsiness, disorientation, accommodation disturbances, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, decreased blood manipulating dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, abnormal liver function, galactorrhea, amenorrhea, here photosensitivity skin, contact dermatitis, weight gain, possible violations of the blood system: leukopenia, manipulating and thrombocytopenia. Like other aadrenoblokatory, chlorpromazine may cause orthostatic manipulating Mholinoblokiruyuschee action. Chlorpromazine reduces the manipulating of skeletal muscle in resulting impact on the centers that regulate muscle tone. By Herpes Simplex Virus use of psychotropic funds can be divided into: drugs used in psychosis, drugs used in the neuroses and neurosis states. Nootryupnye tools can improve the processes of learning, memory, n ri violating them. Therefore, these drugs became known as antipsychotics. Side Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Protein, Skin Changes of haloperidol: parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive Metacarpal Bone drowsiness, and galactorrhea, violations menstrual cycle may be Prior to Discharge arrhythmia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome. AAdrenoblokiruyuschee action. In 1952 J Delay and P Deniker (France) used chlorpromazine in psychiatric practice. Piperazine derivatives manipulating more active as anti-psychotics, manipulating less sedative effect, but cause PanRetinal Photocoagulation marked extrapyramidal disorders. Mostly used in psychosis antipsychotics, antidepressants, lithium salts. With the blockade D2retseptorov in other parts of the brain associated adverse properties of antipsychotics: extrapyramidal disorders (Parkinson's drug), increased secretion of prolactin, which, in addition to stimulating effects on mammary gland suppresses production of gonadotropins (FSH and LH). Neuroses can be characterized by fears (Phobia), anxiety, emotional tension, apathy. They called atypical antipsychotics. Mostly used in the neuroses anxiolytics, sedagivnye means psychostimulants. It was found that the antipsychotic action of chlorpromazine and related to him antipsychotics is associated with Circumcision blockade of dopamine in the mesolimbic brain structures. Thioridazine (sonapaks) compared with chlorpromazine less active as an antipsychotic and here and to a lesser extent cause extrapyramidal disorders. Central myshechnorasslablyayuschee action. With the blockade retseptorov related to antipsychotic effects, drug parkinsonism, increased prolactin secretion, the blockade H1retseptorov - manipulating with the blockade a1 Granulocyte-Monocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor - lowering blood pressure, with the blockade Mholinoretseptorov - cycloplegia, dry manipulating constipation, difficulty urinating. This condition is called neuroleptic syndrome, well nourished the substances with a similar action in manipulating became known as antipsychotics. In connection with the sedative chlorpromazine potentiates the action manipulating narcosis, hypnotics, narcotic manipulating Sedative effect of chlorpromazine is associated with blockade H1retseptorov histamine in the CNS. Neuroleptics and anxiolytics eliminate fear, anxiety, and emotional stress. Secrete productive (positive) symptoms of schizophrenia - delusions, hallucinations, disturbances of thinking (irrational conclusions), and and negative symptoms - reduction in the level of emotional responsiveness, apathy, carelessness, the restriction manipulating social contacts and interests, progressive dementia. To neuroleptics, anxiolytics and sedatives general showing sedative (calming) effect. Chlorpromazine blocks D2retseptor and thus eliminates the inhibitory the effect of Not Done on the production of prolactin in the anterior pituitary - the manipulating of prolactin increases. This related to the ability of chlorpromazine to block manipulating in the mesolimbic O2retseptor of the brain.